Facade retention is a method of building rehabilitation to bring changes to interior of the building structure. Advantages of facade retention in building construction is discussed.
In today’s world, modular construction provides a great opportunity for developers and builders to expand their projects with greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This construction meth
Groundwater causes extreme problems in excavations such as sand running for most of construction projects. Methods of groundwater control in excavation is discussed.
Excavation monitoring system is used to provide safety during excavations for construction works. Objectives and types of systems are discussed.
Different types of hazards are associated with excavation of soil. for instance, failure of soils at sides of trenches and pits, movement of buildings due excavations at its vicinity, falling worke
Hard costs in construction cost estimation are the costs of physical construction elements like foundations, superstructure, interior finishes, laborers, equipment, etc. They are the tangible costs
Plan cost management is a system for handling the costs of a project throughout its lifecycle. With the help of a cost management plan, standard procedures, policies, and documents can be put in pl
Quantity takeoff in construction estimates the quantities for a contract from the drawings and construction plans to forecast the upcoming construction costs. An accurate quantity takeoff helps the
Deduction is necessary in certain cases while estimations are carried out for masonry constructions. For instance, the presence of openings in masonry walls, bearings, doors, windows, segmental arc
A dry stone wall is one of the oldest building traditions still practiced today. Unlike mortared walls that rely on cement or lime to bond stones together, dry stone construction depends entirely on the careful selection and placement of each stone so that gravity and friction hold the structure together. When built correctly, a dry
