Asbestos is a naturally occurring thin crystalline long fiber which when used for the preparation of concrete improves the fresh and hardened properties of concrete such as compressive and fle
Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary Portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of ce
Blended cement can be defined as uniform mix of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and blending materials such as silica fumes, fly ash, limestone and slag to enhance its properties for different uses.
Bonding new concrete to plastic and hardened concrete is an important task that is needed in many construction works. The formation of a good bond between new and existing concrete is essential whe
Performance of overlay concrete depends on the strength of the bond. There are numbers of factors that influence the bond strength of overlay concrete.
Cracks in concrete buildings have several causes. They may show total extent of damage or problems of greater magnitude. They may represent critical structural distress, lack of durability, or they
Burnished concrete is conventional concrete trowelled more than twice to make the concrete surface hard-wearing with a durable finish and a great surface lustre. It is majorly used in residential a
Quantities of materials for concrete such as cement, sand and aggregates for production of required quantity of concrete of given mix proportions such as 1:2:4 (M15), 1:1.5: 3 (M20), 1:1:2 (M25) ca
Carbonation of concrete Structures The microstructure of concrete is such that it has capillary pores to the extent of 28%. The extent of pores depends upon quality of concrete and the presence of
Damage to structural concrete can be due to the use of excessive water, poor cement, poor construction practices, improper mixture proportioning, dirty or low quality aggregate, and inadequate curi
