While in college, I was very much interested in Analysis and Design of structures including foundations. But after joining the No.1 building Company in Asia, I realised what is the actual procedure of building. I thought that I will master in analysis and design after joining a good firm.
construction has two phases, one is Analysis and Design, and the other is Execution at site. Analysis and design is done after the site investigation and the type of structure demanded by the client. Any minor fault in the design may lead to huge disaster and loss of life and property, so it is done by the most experienced persons. This is the most crucial phase of the construction procedure, as the end product of the construction depends on this.
A person can be master in analysis and design, but may not be a good designer unless he has experience from the site exposure. The real experience in construction comes from the site, as we see the construction happening in front of our eyes and find the mistakes in design and learn from them. A person with good experience at site can be a good designer as he has some idea about the construction problems being faced at site. So, to be a good designer, we must start from site.
Construction is the process of converting imagination into reality. We imagine something not existing, then draw its plan, analyse, design and then execute at site to get out imagination into reality.
Following are the types of construction in general:
1. Building and infrastructure building
2. Heavy construction
3. Industrial construction
For any large construction, we follow the steps as below:
Before tendering, we do site investigation and prepare an approximate design of the framework and applies some empirical formula, derived based on experience, to calculate the approximate cost of the project so as to quote our price. After the tender has been awarded, the contractor prepares the detailed layout of the project after analysing and designing. This detailed drawings are then sent to site after approval from the client for execution purpose. And after the execution part is over the product is handed over to the client.
1 Lump Sum usually used with Design-Bid-Build approach of undertaking procurement.
Lump sum contract, sometimes called stipulated sum, is the most basic form of agreement between a supplier of services and a customer. The supplier agrees to offer specified services for a specific price. In developing a lump sum bid, the builder will estimate the costs of labor and substances and add to it a standard amount for overhead and the desired amount of profit. The receiver agrees to pay the price upon completion of the work or according to a negotiated payment schedule.
for instance, painting is usually done on a square foot basis. In a unit price contract, the work to be performed is broken into various parts, usually by building trade, and a fixed price is established for each unit of work. Unit price contracts are seldom used for an entire major building undertaking, but they are frequently used for agreements with sub-contractors. In a unit price contract, like a lump sum contract, the contractor is paid the agreed upon price, regardless of the actual cost to do the work. They are used for maintenance and repair work.
3 Construction Management
The CM provides advice during design. In this delivery method a Construction supervisor (CM) is selected to construct the project based on fully completed drawings and specifications prepared by an architect hired by OSU. The CM is selected based on competitive proposals from three to five firms.
The CM approach differs from the other methods in the following ways:
The undertaking manager approves the CM’s construction administration staff and their required time on the undertaking.
The CM provides pre-construction services, including construction cost estimating and constructability review, throughout programming and design.
The undertaking manager approves the subcontractor bidders list and the selected subcontractors.
Although this approach is not often used due to the Owner’s inability to control quality, difficult to confirm adherence by the Contractor to specific substances, and it is difficult to make changes with this approach.
In this procedure the owner selects one contractor to both design and build the undertaking. Design-Build is very old method that fell out of use until recent years. In Oklahoma this usually means that the owner selects a builder who then hires the design team as required. Design-Build is primarily intended to save time. Like Construction Management with pre-construction services, the designers and builders work together from the beginning, the design effort can be substantially reduced. It is not necessary to prepare drawings in great detail if the builder already understands what needs to be done.
A construction procedure consists of following:
· Financial Advisors
· Interaction of expertise