Cold weather concreting is a critical construction activity that requires excellent planning and preparation. This is because even the slightest mistake can affect concrete elements’ strength, dura
standard control and safety represent increasingly important concerns for project supervisors. This is because defects or failures in constructed facilities can result in the loss of very large costs. Even with minor defects, re-construction may be required and facility operations impaired. As a result, not only does it lead to increase costs but also delays
Quality checking, handling and installation of sewer sanitary pipes needs utmost care. The evaluation of sanitary sewer pipe quality along with its handling and installation practices are discussed in the following sections. It is needed to employ suitable substance quality and appropriate building practices to construct satisfactory sewer sanitary system. Following points regarding sewer pipes
Poor concrete construction methods and workmanship are responsible for the failure of buildings and structure. The poor construction methods and workmanship are caused due to negligence and inadequ
What is Column Kicker? Why it is Used in Construction? Column Kicker is a small concrete step used at the bottom of columns or walls to make sure that correct coordinates of columns or walls are ma
standard in construction industry can be defined as the attainment of acceptable levels of performance from construction activities. The standard of any product or service is achieved when it conforms to the desired specifications. This performance would be attained when the activity meets or exceeds the requirement of the client or the owner. Achieving quality
Cold weather concreting is the process of placement, finishing, curing, and protection of concrete during cold weather, as per ACI 306.1. The cold weather occurs when the average outdoor temperatur
Quality assurance of construction substances is the responsibility of the purchase department to assure the quality of purchased substances in consultation with production and engineering department. Proper specifications have to be decided and finally conveyed as part of purchase orders. The technical terms should uniquely be understood by the supplier. The testing and inspection methods/procedures,
Concrete admixtures (additives) enhances the properties of concrete for applications in construction with special requirements. Concrete additives are used to achieve desired workability in case of
The standard concrete compressive strength test is carried out at 28 days. 3-days and 7-days concrete tests are carried out only to monitor the early strength gain and are useful in construction wh
