In building construction, plastering plays a vital role in shaping the aesthetic and functional qualities of walls, ceilings, and columns. Plastering involves applying a layer of smooth or rough durable material, known as plaster, over surfaces to protect and enhance them. Not only does plastering shield the underlying structure from weathering, dust, and vermin, but it also creates visually appealing finishes that improve the ambiance of any interior or exterior space.
In addition to standard materials like cement, lime, and sand, several special plastering materials are available to meet specific structural and aesthetic needs. These special plasters enhance the durability, fire resistance, soundproofing, and weather resistance of surfaces, making them ideal for specialized applications in modern construction.
Types of Special Plastering Materials
The following is an overview of special plastering materials used in construction, each with its unique characteristics and applications.
1. Asbestos Marble Plaster
Asbestos marble plaster is made by combining asbestos and finely powdered marble with cement. This blend gives a marble-like finish to surfaces, adding a luxurious aesthetic to walls and columns. Asbestos marble plaster is particularly favored for projects where a refined, elegant look is desired. However, given health concerns around asbestos, alternative materials may be preferred in regions with stringent health regulations.
2. Acoustic Plaster
Acoustic plaster incorporates gypsum into the cement mortar, applied in two 6mm coats to form a layer that absorbs sound. The gypsum reacts chemically to create bubbles within the plaster, which significantly reduce sound transmission. Acoustic plaster is commonly used in theaters, auditoriums, and other spaces where soundproofing is essential to prevent echo and enhance audio quality. It is ideal for projects that prioritize sound control in high-traffic or noise-sensitive environments.
3. Granite Silicon Plaster
Granite silicon plaster is a mix of granite and silicon, known for its high elasticity and resistance to cracking due to weather exposure. This type of plaster is quick-setting and is typically chosen for high-end finishes or areas exposed to harsh weather conditions, as it maintains a flawless finish even under environmental stress. Its durability and resistance to cracking make it a reliable choice for long-lasting exterior applications.
4. Gypsum Plaster
Gypsum plaster, often called Plaster of Paris, is created by heating gypsum to about 160-170°C. This type of plaster is lightweight, fire-resistant, and soundproof, making it suitable for both interior and repair applications. When mixed with lime, gypsum plaster forms a durable coat that is easy to apply and quickly hardens upon setting. It is commonly used in residential and commercial spaces where fire resistance and acoustic insulation are valued.
5. Barium Cement Plaster
Barium cement plaster is a specialized material that includes barium sulfate in the cement and sand mix. This plaster is typically used in healthcare settings, especially for X-ray rooms, as it can absorb radiation, protecting people outside the room from exposure. The unique radiation-blocking properties of barium cement plaster make it indispensable in medical and research facilities.
6. Keene’s Cement Plaster
Keene’s cement plaster is created by calcining Plaster of Paris with alum, resulting in a white, slow-setting plaster with a glass-like finish. This material provides a sleek, reflective surface ideal for interior walls where a polished look is desired. Although it takes a few days to set, the result is a durable, aesthetically pleasing surface suited to upscale interiors.
7. Scagliola Plaster
Scagliola plaster is produced by mixing Keene’s cement with color pigments dissolved in glue, creating a material with a marble-like finish. It is often used to add a sophisticated touch to columns, panels, and decorative wall features. Scagliola is popular for its luxurious appearance, making it a preferred choice for ornate and high-traffic areas like hotels, theaters, and historic restorations.
8. Martin’s Cement Plaster
Martin’s cement plaster is produced by calcining Plaster of Paris with pearl ash. This type of plaster sets quickly, forming a hard, white finish upon drying. It is commonly used where a durable, fast-setting, and aesthetically pleasing surface is needed. Martin’s cement plaster is suitable for both interior and exterior applications that require quick project turnaround times.
9. Snow Crete and Colourcrete Cement Plaster
Snow Crete is a white-colored plaster, while Colourcrete refers to cement plaster available in various colors. These plasters are achieved by adding specific pigments to the cement mix, creating vibrant or subtle hues for exterior and decorative wall surfaces. These plasters are ideal for adding personality and durability to exterior surfaces, especially in climates where colored plasters provide an added layer of weather resistance.
10. Sirapite Plaster
Sirapite plaster is produced by slaking Plaster of Paris with petroleum, resulting in a quick-setting, fire-resistant material that hardens into a white finish. Sirapite plaster is valued for its resistance to fire and is often used in spaces where additional fireproofing is necessary. Its quick-setting nature makes it a practical choice for projects with tight timelines.
11. Parian Cement Plaster
Parian cement plaster is created by calcining borax with Plaster of Paris. It provides similar qualities to Keene’s cement plaster but is less costly, making it an economical option for decorative and protective finishes. Parian cement plaster is suitable for projects that require a balance of aesthetic quality and cost efficiency, commonly used in residential and commercial interiors.
12. Thistle Hardwall Plaster
Thistle hardwall plaster is a high-grade gypsum product known for its quick-setting, soundproofing qualities and fine finishing. It is particularly favored for interior walls and ceilings, providing a smooth, durable finish suitable for various residential and commercial applications. Its rapid setting time makes it a preferred choice for efficient construction schedules without compromising quality.
Conclusion
The variety of special plastering materials available today plays a crucial role in meeting the functional and aesthetic demands of modern construction. From the marble-like elegance of asbestos marble plaster to the soundproofing qualities of acoustic plaster and the fire-resistant nature of gypsum plaster, each material brings unique benefits to construction projects. Specialized plaster materials not only enhance durability and resilience but also enable designers and builders to create visually appealing, safe, and functional spaces that cater to diverse needs.