Many factors affects the depth of foundation. such as type of soil, ground water table, loads from structure, bearing capacity and density of soil and other fac

The determination of adequate number and sufficient depth of boreholes is critical to gather enough data for the design and construction of geostructures such a

Clearly, trench excavation affects nearby buildings and causing them to settle. The major factors that cause building settlement are soil relaxation and lowerin

Torsion balance method is one of the methods that determine the water content of the soil rapidly. The method employs an infrared lamp and torsion balance to d

Sand bath method is a field method conducted to determine the water content of the soil. This method is fast but the result is not as accurate as the oven-dry m

Relative density is defined as the ratio of difference of void ratios of cohesionless soil in its loosest state and the natural state (emax – e) to the di

What is plastic limit of soil?
The plastic limit of a soil is the moisture content at which soil begins to behave as a plastic material. At this water content (

The shrinkage limit of soil is the water content of the soil when the water is just sufficient to fill all the pores of the soil and the soil is just saturated.

Determination of settlement of pile foundations by load test method, equipment required, procedure and reporting of results in discussed.
Equipment for Pile Set

Pile foundations are one of the type of deep foundation. These foundations transfer load deeper to the hard strata much below the ground surface. But there are