The estimation of construction quantities like earth work, foundation concrete, brickwork in plinth and superstructure etc. can be worked out long wall short wall method and centerline method. Following are the three different methods used for estimating building works: In this approach, the wall along the length of room is considered to be long wall […]
Understanding the common concreting problems that can occur during concreting practice will help to minimize further mistakes during concreting. Most of the concreting problems arise due to: Improp
Reliable cost estimates are necessary for all projects. Without a cost estimate, it would be impossible to prepare a business plan, establish detailed budgets, predict resource requirement or control project costs. In the procedure of cost estimation, the Project Cost Engineer uses either one or the combination of the following tools and technique: Expertise must
Architectural concrete provides higher aesthetic finish and serves the structural function for a building. Mix proportions, features and uses of architectural cast-in-place concrete is discussed.</
There are different types of construction cost estimation done by owner, contractor and engineer. They all have their own purpose to know in advance the expected cost of the project in varying degr
Movements in masonry buildings are deformations caused to it due to various reasons. Types and causes of such movements in masonry buildings is discussed. There are different factors for example, temperature variations and changes in moisture content, that lead to generate or create deformations in masonry structures. These movements must be considered to prevent their
Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is a type of composite materials consist of carbon fiber and polymer. The carbon fiber provides the strength and stiffness while the polymer acts as cohesive
The use of carbon dioxide directly i.e. without chemical modification, or after chemical conversion processes for the production of building construction materials is a key strategy to mitigate cli
New Engineering Contract is a contracting system developed to effectively manage a project from the inception to the final phase of the construction project. These contracts are described and written in simple English and designed in a structure that is easily understandable. Conventional contracts had several setbacks that led to an upturn in conflicts of
As nanotechnology is a science that controls the dimensions in the transition zone at the atomic level, the products developed from this method gain extraordinary functionalities. The application of nanotechnology in various building products and substances showed tremendous progress in the construction industry. The main focus now is to study how these functions can contribute
