Flexible or bendable concrete gains ductility property while normal concrete shows the brittle property. This difference of flexible concrete from normal concrete makes it available for large appli
Soundness of cement can be defined as its ability to retain its volume after it gets hardened. This means that a properly sound cement will undergo minimum volume change after it converts into the
Design Considerations in Repair of Structures The rehabilitated structure may be required to provide equivalent safety to that of a new structure. The rehabilitated structure is brought to current
Modulus of elasticity of concrete is defined as the ratio of stress applied on the concrete to the respective strain caused. The accurate value of modulus of elasticity of concrete can be determine
Reinforced concrete is a composite material, hence a proper bond between the two materials – concrete and reinforcement is the first requirement. A minimum length of reinforcing bar is needed to de
Overlays are surface depositions of 6 mm or greater in thickness that can be bonded, partially bonded, or unbonded to the surface of the concrete. The material of overlay may be polymer concrete, P
Ready mix concrete is generally produced in large quantity and is transported to distant places for placement in structural elements. Sometimes the distance can be in many kilometers or miles. So,
Generally, quality of water for construction works are same as drinking water. This is to ensure that the water is reasonably free from such impurities as suspended solids, organic matter and disso
Fly ash is used in concrete as an admixture as well as in cement. The effect of these fly ash on durability of concrete is discussed in this article.
Safety issues at construction site involves safety during excavation, scaffolding, formwork, working at heights, material handling and stacking, housekeeping works. The recommendations mentioned fo
