The need to redevelop brownfield land for construction purpose led to develop several contamination treatment methods. These techniques of brownfield contamination treatment will be discussed in th
Portland cement is an excellent building material generally used for its excellent binding properties giving strength to structural elements. Portland cement is most commonly used for the productio
Triaxial shear strength test on soil measures the mechanical properties of the soil. In this test, soil sample is subjected to stress, such that the stress resulted in one direction will be differe
Groundwater is an important natural resource. The precipitation infiltrates into the ground and travels down until it reaches the impervious stratum where it is stored as groundwater. It is stored
The Use of near surface Mounted Fiber Reinforced Polymer bars for strengthening of reinforced concrete beam: There are several factors that might decrease ultimate load capacity of concrete structu
There are various types of isolated footings such as spread footing, stepped footing, sloped footing etc. They are usually square, rectangular or circular in shape. Each type of footing is selected
Vacuum concrete is the one from which water is removed by vacuum pressure after placement of concrete structural member. Vacuum concrete has high strength and durability than normal concrete. Water
Pile foundation is the most common type of deep foundation used to transmit structural loads, namely axial load and lateral load into the deeper layers of firm soil. It is required to understand th
Deep foundation is required to carry loads from a structure through weak compressible soils or fills on to stronger and less compressible soils or rocks at depth, or for functional reasons. Deep fo
Adjusting the slump of concrete is a part of the concreting process, which the contractors should manage properly and cautiously. The concrete slump variation from one transit mixer to another is g
