Structural engineering

There are various types of isolated footings such as spread footing, stepped footing, sloped footing etc. They are usually square, rectangular or circular in shape. Each type of footing is selected

Pile foundation is the most common type of deep foundation used to transmit structural loads, namely axial load and lateral load into the deeper layers of firm soil. It is required to understand th

Deep foundation is required to carry loads from a structure through weak compressible soils or fills on to stronger and less compressible soils or rocks at depth, or for functional reasons. Deep fo

Machine foundations are special types of foundations required for machines, machine tools and heavy equipments which have wide range of speeds, loads and operating conditions. These foundations are

There are three types of pile foundations according to their construction methods which are driven piles, cast-in-situ piles, and driven and cast-in-situ piles. Types of Pile Foundations Based on C

Types of shear failure of foundation soils Depending on the stiffness of foundation soil and depth of foundation, the following are the modes of shear failure experienced by the foundation soil. Ge

Types of Soil tests for building construction works depend on properties of soil. Design of foundation is based on soil test report of construction site.

Various types of soil movements occur disregard of the stresses imposed on the ground by foundations. Causes and suitable foundations for ground movements are discussed.

Uncased cast in situ piles are used where the ground does not disturb pile hole with soil or water falling in it. Types and uses of this pile is discussed.

Underwater exploration is commonly required for the structures which are constructed in/under water. The foundations of the structures like bridge piers, pipelines, port structures, and oil well pl