Structural engineering

Reinforced earth is a composite material formed by the friction between the earth and the reinforcement. By means of friction the soil transfers to the reinforc

Reinforced Earth or Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls, bridge abutments, d

Raft foundation is a thick reinforced concrete slab which spreads over a large area of soil and provides support for several columns and load bearing walls. It

Quicksand condition is the floatation of particles of cohesionless soil, like fine gravel and sand, due to vertical upward seepage flow. As sand boiling occurs,

There are various reasons that enforce dewatering of foundation excavation such as to keep excavation bottom dry, prevent ground water or soil leakage, prevent

Excavation problems during construction usually emerge due to unfavorable groundwater conditions, inclement weather conditions, and slope instability. Proper co

What is a Pressuremeter?
A pressuremeter is a device which is used to determine the stress strain relations of in-situ soil by pumping it into the certain depth

Stress Isobar or Pressure Bulb Concept
An isobar or pressure bulb is a stress contour or a line which connects all points below the ground surface at which the

Preloading is an economical and effective soil improvement method that can reduce settlement and increase the bearing capacity of soft soil. In other words, pre

There are several precautions that need to be considered while inspection and construction of bored pile foundation is preceded. These precautions will be discu