Structure relocation is the process of moving a building or structure from one location to another. This technique is increasingly used in areas where environmental conditions, such as floods, make the original site unsuitable for continued use. The relocation of a structure generally involves two main methods: disassembling and reassembling the building at the new site, or transporting it whole. Both methods require careful planning, specialized equipment, and skilled labor to ensure the structure remains intact and safe during the move.
The Need for Structure Relocation
Certain environmental factors often necessitate the relocation of structures. Flood-prone areas, for example, can experience extreme conditions that put buildings at risk. These include:
- Deep water: Areas that frequently flood with large amounts of water may put structures in danger.
- Short warning times (flash flooding): When floods occur with little notice, relocating structures to higher ground may be a viable solution.
- High flow velocity: Floodwaters that move at high speeds can cause significant damage to buildings in their path.
- Wave action: Coastal areas experiencing waves during storms may also require relocation of vulnerable buildings.
- Debris in floodwaters: The presence of debris in floodwaters can further complicate the safety of a structure, making it imperative to move the building to a safer location.
Relocation is not only a response to flooding but can also be used in other scenarios, such as when a piece of land is being redeveloped for other purposes, or when preserving historic or high-cost buildings becomes a priority.
Overview of the Structure Relocation Procedure
The process of relocating a building typically follows a series of steps to ensure it is moved safely and efficiently. Here’s an overview of the standard procedure:
1. Assessment Phase
Before any physical relocation begins, it’s essential to assess whether the structure can be easily lifted and moved with the available equipment. Engineers must determine the weight, size, and condition of the building and evaluate if any special techniques or equipment are necessary. The feasibility study will also take into account the current and new locations, the distance of the move, and any potential challenges along the way.
2. Preparing the Route
Once the feasibility study is complete, the next step is to plan the route for the structure’s relocation. It’s essential to ensure there is enough space for the move and to clear any obstacles along the path. This means disconnecting all utilities (electricity, water, gas) and securing a minimum of 3 meters of space around the building. This space will allow for excavation work and the removal of trees, plants, or other obstructions.
3. Excavation and Structural Preparation
With the route cleared, excavation begins around the building’s foundation. This step involves creating cut openings to make room for steel beams that will bear the weight of the structure. The steel beams must be placed at strategic points to ensure that the building is evenly supported and can be lifted safely. Once the beams are inserted, they are leveled and shored to ensure stability.
4. Lifting the Structure
After the preparation, hydraulic jacks are used to lift the building off its foundation. This lifting process requires precision and caution to avoid damaging the structure. Steel beams are then slid under the building, which will be placed onto dollies. These dollies are used to move the structure onto a flatbed truck or another vehicle designed for long-distance transport.
5. Transporting the Structure
For long-distance moves, the structure is transported using flatbed trucks. These trucks are equipped with the necessary features to carry large, heavy loads safely. However, the journey may not be straightforward. Complications such as overhead cables, trees, and tight corners must be addressed. In some cases, additional permits or road closures may be required to ensure the structure can be transported without incident.
6. Arriving at the New Location
Upon reaching the new site, the structure is carefully lowered onto the new foundation. Engineers will ensure that the foundation is level and suitable for the building. Hydraulic jacks are used to raise the structure as needed to align it with the new foundation. Once the structure is in place, the connections between the building and the foundation are reinforced, ensuring stability and safety.
Technical Considerations
Relocating a building is a complex task that requires careful attention to several key technical factors:
1. Structure Type
The type of structure being relocated plays a significant role in determining the level of difficulty. A single-story wood-frame building, for example, is one of the easiest types of structures to elevate and move. These buildings are generally lightweight and easier to support.
Conversely, buildings made of concrete, masonry, or brick present additional challenges. Special attention is required to ensure these materials are not damaged during the relocation. For example, a wood-frame structure with a brick veneer may require the removal of the brick veneer before moving the building, with plans to reattach the brick once the move is complete.
2. Structure Condition
Structures that are in good condition are the best candidates for relocation. All structural members and connections must be strong enough to withstand the stresses exerted during lifting and moving. A structure that has been damaged, especially by severe flooding or other environmental factors, may require significant repairs before it can be relocated.
3. Structure Size
Larger structures, particularly those made of heavy materials, require specialized equipment to lift and move. The logistics of relocating large buildings are far more complex and often require cranes, hydraulic lifts, or other heavy machinery. Special consideration must also be given to the infrastructure at both the original and new locations to accommodate such large structures.
Conclusion
Structure relocation is a valuable technique that can save buildings from demolition and provide a sustainable alternative in the face of environmental challenges, urban development, or preservation efforts. Whether relocating a historic building, a home in a flood zone, or a high-value property, the process requires careful planning, expert knowledge, and the right tools.