The Public Private Partnership (PPP) is also known as PPP or 3P or P3 which involves two or more numbers of public and private sectors. This is a cooperative arrangement that is held for long – term period. Here, one party forms the government or statutory entity and other one will be the private sector […]
The term Brownfield land is used for a land that has been developed previously, i.e. buildings and associated infrastructures have been constructed on such land previously. Building structures on Brownfield land is substantially substantial since it reduces the amount of green land required to construct new structures in urban area. However, it should be known
Proper roof ventilation is essential for maintaining the structural integrity and energy efficiency of any building. A ridge vent system allows hot, moist air to escape naturally from the attic, reducing the risk of condensation, mold growth, and premature shingle failure. However, cutting the continuous slot at the ridge for these vents requires precision and
Innovative trench support systems have been developed within the past two decades. These systems are more commercially demanded as they save the labor building cost, site protection and time. New proprietary systems over the traditional methods have been used widely. The proprietary support system offers facility of rapid installation and the removal facility. This helps
Quality management in construction project has become essential in modern construction practices and has incorporated quality management principles and initiatives in their activities. standard management systems such as ISO 9000 series of standards need incessant monitoring of building procedures. Many standard management instruments are available for standard management in building. Critical areas can be studied
The reduction of waste and loss of construction material begins by specifying a budget to buy machinery needed to manage materials properly at a construction site. The necessary equipment may involve tools to cover and protect fragile materials, strong standing areas for material storage area and site access, pallets to store formworks, scaffold fittings, drainage
Records to be maintained at construction sites play crucial role in construction activities. It is a document required to prove any construction activity has taken place at site during billing or any other claims. These records have all the data of various building activities carried out at site. If any additional work has been carried
With the increasing complexities in construction undertakings, the room for errors and miscommunication has considerably increased. The solution to the problems requires the players to shift their inclination towards digitalization by adopting computer-aided design and building information modeling (BIM) software. In the simplest terms, BIM is the integrative process for visually representing a construction project
standard control and safety represent increasingly important concerns for project supervisors. This is because defects or failures in constructed facilities can result in the loss of very large costs. Even with minor defects, re-construction may be required and facility operations impaired. As a result, not only does it lead to increase costs but also delays
Quality checking, handling and installation of sewer sanitary pipes needs utmost care. The evaluation of sanitary sewer pipe quality along with its handling and installation practices are discussed in the following sections. It is needed to employ suitable substance quality and appropriate building practices to construct satisfactory sewer sanitary system. Following points regarding sewer pipes
