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What is pH of Water?
pH of water is a measure of amount of hydrogen ions that is present in the water. It determines if the water is alkaline or acidic in natur

Onsite wastewater treatment system (OWTS) is a privately owned and maintained sewage disposal system that treats wastewater and produces disinfected effluent, w

Methods of Solid Waste Disposal and Management
Methods of solid waste disposal and management are as below:

Open burning
Dumping into the sea
Sanitary Landfill

There are four techniques used to set grade and line in the construction of sanitary sewer system. One of these methods or combination thereof may be used in th

According to the Association of Civil Engineers 2017, the Infrastructure Report Card estimated that the United States loses around 2 trillion gallons of treated

An infiltration gallery is a subsurface source of water used for a water supply system whose structure is like a horizontal drain that is positioned below the w

What is Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction Projects?
Globally, Environmental Impact Assessment (or simply, EIA) is recognized as a tool for achievi

Drains and Sewers Terms Definitions
Benching
A surface at the base of an inspection chamber or manhole to confine the flow of sewage to avoid the accumulation o

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen demand (BOD) are the two main characteristic properties that indicate the strength of sewage. Both the parame

Design of each elements for the construction of sedimentation tank is necessary for effective treatment of wastewater for removal the suspended particles. Vario