The water absorption test determines the water absorption rate (sorptivity) of both the outer and inner concrete surfaces. The test involves the measurement of the increase of mass of concrete samp
Measurement of concrete works is one of the most crucial tasks at any construction site. It should be conducted rigorously and very carefully as the measurements hold a very important place in the
A Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a non-destructive technique used for investigating the characteristics of the subsurface. It is a real-time NDT instrument that employs high-frequency radio wave
Monitoring early strength gain of concrete in the field is crucial task for the success of some construction works like starting critical shoring and reshoring steps which is required during multi-
Lime concrete is a composite mixture of lime as binding material, sand as fine aggregate, and gravel as coarse aggregate in appropriate proportions. Lime concrete mix ratio depends on the type of c
The construction/engineering sector is identified as the most corrupt sector in the world. Malpractices like extortion, bribery, and fraud in construction projects can have a damaging effect on the
Methods and units of measurements for civil construction works are depends on nature, shape and size of civil work and for payments to the contractor.
Dewatering of excavations are required at construction sites generally for foundation works. Various methods for dewatering of excavations are described.
The quality issues observed in construction practices are addressed in a report called the non-conformance report or the non-conformity report (NCR). An NCR explains the deviation of a specific con
Non-destructive testing of masonry structures is not common in practice. However methods of NDT testing of masonry structures are available which can be used for evaluation of existing masonry stru
