Kaplan Turbine works on the principle of axial flow reaction. In axial flow turbines, the water flows through the runner along the direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the runner. The wate
Jacketing and Collars for Strengthening of Concrete Structures Jacketing is the process whereby a section of an existing structural member is restored to original dimensions or increased in size by
The structure that is planned to be built is described by using lines, symbols and notes in architectural drawings.
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) provides Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credentials representing an individual’s proficiency in sustainable design, construction and op
L Box Test on Self Compacting Concrete This test for self compacting concrete is based on a Japanese design for underwater concrete, has been described by Peterson. The test assesses the flow of th
The laying of terrazzo flooring can be carried out by two methods, namely, In-situ laying and precast terrazzo tiles laying. The terrazzo flooring laid using precast terrazzo tiles flooring, its sp
Pipe culvert is a tunnel structure constructed using pipes under roadways or railroads to provide cross drainage or to take electrical or other cables from one side to another. Pipe culvert, box cu
Stoneware pipes are generally preferred over other types of pipes for sewer and drain works as they are much more effective where acid effluents or acid sub-soil conditions are likely to be encount
There are several types of magnetic cover-meter equipment which are used to determine the thickness of reinforcement protector concrete. Commonly, these devices fall into nondestructive tests. Micr
Longitudinal skin reinforcement is deformed bars, wires, or bonded prestressed reinforcement placed uniformly on both sides of the vertical face of the tension zone in relatively deep beams to cont
