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Direct Mud Circulation method of pile foundation installation is used for bored cast-in-situ piles. Direct Mud Circulation method is best suited when working-sp

Design of Pile Cap
A pile cap is the mat that rests on groups of piles and forms part of the foundation. The pile cap design, shape, and dimensions are discusse

Stratification of soil is nothing but the arrangement of the different layers of soil based on similar properties. In general, natural soil deposits are formed

The property of the soil by which it permits the flow of fluid through it is called permeability of the soil. The porosity in the soil material is contributed b

DETERMINATION OF SOIL ABSORPTION CAPACITY
PERCOLATION TEST
Percolation test is done to determine the absorption capacity of soil. This test is important for th

Foundation heave is the movement of expansive soil due to changes in its moisture content. The foundation heave occurs in various patterns like doming, edge, cy

To Determine Particle Size Distribution of Soil by Sieving
The soil is sieved through a set of sieves. The material retained on different sieves is determined.

Hydrometer method is used to determine the particle size distribution of fine-grained soils passing 75 µ sieve. The hydrometer measures the specific gravity of

What is Pad Foundation?
The pad foundations are shallow foundation that take and spread point loads to the soil safely. The pad foundation are preferred if the

The calculation of the number of passes for compactors and lift (soil layer) thickness for soil is critical to attain the required degree of compaction. General