The term Brownfield land is used for a land that has been developed previously, i.e. buildings and associated infrastructures have been constructed on such land previously. Building structures on Brownfield land is substantially substantial since it reduces the amount of green land required to construct new structures in urban area. However, it should be known […]
Proper roof ventilation is essential for maintaining the structural integrity and energy efficiency of any building. A ridge vent system allows hot, moist air to escape naturally from the attic, reducing the risk of condensation, mold growth, and premature shingle failure. However, cutting the continuous slot at the ridge for these vents requires precision and
Innovative trench support systems have been developed within the past two decades. These systems are more commercially demanded as they save the labor building cost, site protection and time. New proprietary systems over the traditional methods have been used widely. The proprietary support system offers facility of rapid installation and the removal facility. This helps
Chloride Attack on Concrete Structures is one of the most important phenomena we consider when we deal with the durability of concrete. Among all sources of failure of concrete structures, the chlo
Quality management in construction project has become essential in modern construction practices and has incorporated quality management principles and initiatives in their activities. standard management systems such as ISO 9000 series of standards need incessant monitoring of building procedures. Many standard management instruments are available for standard management in building. Critical areas can be studied
Chemical analysis of concrete can provide extremely useful information regarding the causes of failure of concrete. The tests most frequently carried out chemical tests on concrete structures are:
Introduction When a concrete structure is prone to chemical actions its durability gets affected. The chemicals may cause cracking of concrete, volume change and deterioration of structure. The lif
The reduction of waste and loss of construction material begins by specifying a budget to buy machinery needed to manage materials properly at a construction site. The necessary equipment may involve tools to cover and protect fragile materials, strong standing areas for material storage area and site access, pallets to store formworks, scaffold fittings, drainage
Compaction of concrete is mostly carried out with vibrators. Methods of concrete compactions, types of vibrators and results of poor compaction is discussed.
Compaction factor apparatus’ trowels, hand scoop (15.2 cm long), a rod of steel or other suitable material (1.6 cm diameter, 61 cm long rounded at one end ) and a balance.
